Epidemiological Trends and Risk Factors Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma

Author(s): Nahid Hasan Rifat, Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, Mahbubul Islam Khandoker, Md. Mostafizur Rahaman, Hasnat Hakim, Sabrina Rahman Mithila, Annaba Sattar Chowdhury, Rifat Ara Nila, Shamima Akter.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is most prevalent form of kidney cancer and represents a large global health burden. There are many demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors to its incidence. Understanding the trends is necessary in order to prevent and manage effectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological trends and risk factors of RCC in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Department of Urology, Reliance General and Renal Hospital, Dhaka, from April 2023 to March 2024. Total 40 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma are included in this study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on demographic characteristics, tumor stages, histological subtypes, and risk factors were collected from medical records and analyzed using SPSS (version 25.0). Results: Among the 40 patients, mostly were male (72.5%). Stage II tumors were most common (40.0%), and clear cell carcinoma was the predominant subtype (62.5%). Significant risk factors included smoking (72.5%), obesity (30.0%), hypertension (67.5%), and urban residence (60.0%). Family history of RCC was noted in 17.5% of cases. Conclusion: RCC in this cohort reflects global trends, with a predominance of modifiable risk factors. Targeted interventions addressing smoking, obesity, and hypertension, along with early detection strategies, is crucial for reducing the RCC burden in resource-limited settings.