The Establishment of the Chinese Version of the Vviq (Vviq-C) and the Effects of Age and Gender on the Vividness of Visual Imagery

Author(s): Ziao Zhang, Yushu Liu, Junjie Yang, Chunbo Li, David F Marks, Sergio Della Sala, Binglei Zhao

Background: The relationship between vividness of Visual Mental Imagery (VMI) and factors such as age and gender is poorly understood. We developed a Chinese version of the Visual Vividness Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), labelled VVIQ-C, and assessed its reliability. Methods: VVIQ-C was developed, and its reliability was assessed. Using the VVIQ-C, we investigated individual vividness differences in 1,015 Chinese participants and explored the proportions of low and high vividness scorers in teenager (< 18 years old), younger (18-29 years old) and middle-aged adults (30-60 years old) of different gender. Results: The reliability of VVIQ-C is high. Also, there were no significant differences in VVIQ-C median scores across different age groups and genders. However, the distribution of low vividness and high vividness group varied across different age groups, and this variation differed between women and men. Conclusions: There might be a potential impact of age and gender on VMI abilities in Chinese population.