The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Author(s): Tariq Masri-zada, Suren Martirosyan, Alexander Abdou, Ryan Barbar, Samuel Kades, Hassan Makki, Grant Haley, Devendra K Agrawal

The prevalence of mental health disorders among youth and adolescents has been rising at an alarming rate over the past few decades, with conditions such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperreactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder becoming increasingly common. One contributing factor that has received growing attention is the role of social media and technology in shaping adolescent brain development, behavior, and emotional well-being. While digital platforms provide opportunities for social connection, selfexpression, and mental health support, they also introduce significant risks, including compulsive social media use, cyberbullying, unrealistic beauty standards, and exposure to substance-related content. This article explores the complex relationship between digital media use and adolescent mental health, focusing on its neurobiological implications, particularly the role of dopaminergic reward pathways in reinforcing compulsive behaviors. The excessive engagement with digital platforms has been associated with heightened impulsivity, attention deficits, and an increased risk of addiction-like behaviors. Furthermore, the impact of social media on selfesteem and body image has been linked to higher rates of body dysmorphic disorder and a rise in cosmetic procedure considerations, often influenced by digitally altered self-perceptions. The increased portrayal of substancerelated content online also raises concerns about the normalization of risky behaviors among impressionable youth. Intervention strategies such as digital detox programs, school-based educational initiatives, parental monitoring, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of excessive social media use. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating policy regulation, digital literacy, and targeted mental health interventions, will be essential in fostering a healthier digital environment for adolescents. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term psychological effects of social media use and to distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive digital behaviors. By addressing these challenges proactively, society can work towards promoting responsible social media engagement in youth while protecting adolescent mental health in this digital age.