Phytochemical Profile by HPLC-MS Analysis and Antidiabetic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Trunk Bark of Lannea Microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Author(s): TRAORE Nintie San Ga Yasmina Valerie Ida, BELEMNABA Lazare, NITIEMA Mathieu, OUEDRAOGO Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian, COMPAORE Souleymane, BELEMLILGA Bonewende Mohamed, BATIONO Remy Kindanloun, KABORE Boukaré, OUEDRAOGO Boris Honoré Amadou, GOUMBRI Wendinmi Bertrand Florent, KOALA Moumouni, OUEDRAOGO Salfo

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose due to poor insulin secretion or pancreatic beta cells' absorption and constitutes a public health problem. Multiple approaches have been adopted to combat this pathology, including the search for new bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo, the antihyperglycemic effects of the Lm extract of Lannea microcarpa trunk bark on an alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat model.

Methods: To achieve the results, a phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites in the extract was performed using the HPLC-MS method. The hyperglycemic state was induced in rats by a single administration of Allox intraperitoneally, and the effects of Lm5, Lm25, and Glib were investigated.

Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonols, isoflavonoids, and hydrocinnamic acid derivatives. Pharmacologically, the extract significantly reduced blood glucose. After 4 days oral administration of Lm5 and Lm25, blood glucose in diabetic rats was significantly reduced more than 70%, from 228.67±25.82 mg/dL to 112.33±33.152 mg/dL for the Allox+Lm5 and from 261.83±24.17 mg/dL to 99.33±14.72 mg/dL for the Allox+Lm25 groups versus the Allox alone group (240±30.95 mg/dL to 268.4±30.57 mg/dL, p<0.001). The Glib5 reduced hyperglycemia in diabetic rats by 57%, from 254.67±31.08 mg/dL to 121.5±35.69 mg/dL, compared with the Allox alone group (240±30.95 mg/dL to 268.4±30.57 mg/dL) over the same study period (p<0.001). In addition, at baseline, all rats’ groups had homogeneous blood glucose levels (80.67±3.00 mg/dL, 81.33±8.59 mg/dL, and 77.83±4.70 mg/dL for the NaCl 0.9% control, Lm5 and Lm25 groups, respectively). Blood glucose levels in these rats’ groups did not vary significantly throughout the experiment. Interestingly, this extract normalized food and water consumption and attenuated organ hypertrophy in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: The Lm extract of L. microcarpa trunk bark has antidiabetic therapeutic potential attributable to its bioactive compounds contained.