Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemia in a Patient with Type 2 DM in North Eastern Region of Bangladesh

Author(s): Swapan Kumar Singha, Mohammad Zabed Jillul Bari, Md. Jahangir Khan, Md. Solaiman Mia, Halima Naznin, Partha Sarathi Roy Chowdhury, Golam Md. Moin Uddin, Mst. Ruzina Rahman, Sunia Sinha, Soumitra Sinha

Background: Dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, data on the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients from the northeastern region of Bangladesh are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of dyslipidemia among patients with T2DM in this region. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 200 patients with T2DM from the northeastern region of Bangladesh. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded, and blood samples were collected for assessment of glycemic parameters and lipid profile. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 87.5%, with high LDL-C being the most common lipid abnormality (72.0%), followed by hypertriglyceridemia (63.5%), hypercholesterolemia (60.5%), and low HDL-C (54.0%). Among patients with dyslipidemia, 34.3% had all four lipid abnormalities concurrently. Female patients had significantly higher total cholesterol (212.6 ± 46.7 vs. 198.3 ± 41.9 mg/dL, p=0.031) and LDL-C (131.5 ± 39.2 vs. 118.7 ± 35.6 mg/dL, p=0.024) levels, while males had lower HDL-C (37.4 ± 8.6 vs. 42.9 ± 9.8 mg/dL, p=0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥50 years (adjusted OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.18-4.52), female gender (adjusted OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.06-3.29), duration of diabetes ≥5 years (adjusted OR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.35-5.12), poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%) (adjusted OR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.72-5.88), and BMI ≥25 kg/ m² (adjusted OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.14-3.69) as independent predictors of dyslipidemia. A significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and all lipid parameters. Conclusion: The alarmingly high prevalence of dyslipidemia among T2DM patients in northeastern Bangladesh, particularly the high proportion with multiple concurrent lipid abnormalities, emphasizes the need for regular screening and aggressive management of dyslipidemia in this population. The identified risk factors should guide targeted interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable population.