Climate Change Impacts and Regional Adaptation Patterns in Bangladesh: Evidence from 2018–2024

Author(s): Tahmina Israt khanam, Shirin Akter, Shahrina Aftien Jani, Sharmin Jahan Ema, Meherun Nesa MIM, Kariul Islam.

Introduction: Bangladesh is strongly climate-exposed due to its location and high population density. Regional greenhouse effect impacts are examined in five major areas—Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Barisal, and Rajshahi—to understand region-wise climatic concerns and adaptation patterns. Methods: Systematic non-participant observation technique was employed between 2018-2024, noting environmental and socio-economic changes on observation checklists. Computational analysis with Python performed rice yield trend analysis, such as statistical modeling, correlation analysis, and ARIMA forecasting up to 2027. Results: Every region experienced consistent increases in temperature (1.4°C average) and diminishing rainfall (300-600mm reduction). Coastal areas were most impacted: sea-level increase was 5.3cm in Khulna, crop production dropped 14-16% overall, and rice cropping had strong negative temperature correlation (r = -0.98 to -1.00). Economic damage increased from 17,500 to 23,600 million BDT overall. Health impacts intensified in urban areas, while climate migration rose to 33,000 people in Dhaka. Loss of forest cover escalated along the coast but government control and public awareness increased exponentially. Conclusion: The study demonstrates acute, localized climate vulnerabilities that demand localized adaptation strategies instead of national uniformity, thus emphasizing the need for localized climate resilience planning for Bangladesh's diverse ecological zones.