Abstracting and Indexing

  • PubMed NLM
  • Google Scholar
  • CrossRef
  • WorldCat
  • ResearchGate
  • Academic Keys
  • DRJI
  • Microsoft Academic
  • Academia.edu
  • OpenAIRE

Comparison of Outcome of Total Arch Replacement for Type A Aortic Dissection using Trifurcated Branch Graft vs Island Technique- A Single Centre Experience

Article Information

Kamran Yunus Inamdar*, Xu Hua Shan, Wen Bing, Zhao Guochang, Singh Chhatrapratap, Zhao Wen Zeng

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First  Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

*Corresponding Author: Kamran Yunus Inamdar, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

Received: 23 February 2022; Accepted: 02 March 2022; Published: 03 March 2022

Citation: Kamran Yunus Inamdar, Xu Hua Shan, Wen Bing, Zhao Guochang, Singh Chhatrapratap, Zhao Wen Zeng. Comparison of Outcome of Total Arch Replacement for Type A Aortic Dissection using Trifurcated Branch Graft vs Island Technique- A Single Centre Experience. Journal of Surgery and Research 5 (2022): 92-100.

View / Download Pdf Share at Facebook

Abstract

Objective

To compare the outcome between trifurcated graft vs island technique for the treatment of type A aortic dissection in a single centre.

Method

From september 2017 to september 2020, we studied 87 patients retrospectively, who underwent total arch replacement for type A aortic dissection. Out of which 51 patients, age (47.45 ± 10.47) years, 39(76.47%) males and 12 (23.52%) females were surgically corrected by trifurcated branch graft technique and 36 patients age (52.75 ± 10.32) years, 27 (75%) males and 9 (25%) females with island technique. In both the groups, peri- operative outcomes were compared. Patients were followed up for 3 months and 6 months in both the groups.

Result

Elective Surgery was done in 16 (31.37%) and 6 (16.66%) in trifurcated branch graft and island group respectively. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) was given by the Axillary artery in {48 (94.11%) in trifurcated group and 3 (8.33%) in island group, p=<.00001}.SACP was given by Innominate artery {5 (9.83%) in trifurcated group and 33 (91.66%) in island group, p=<.00001}. Trifurcated branch group and Island group had Cardiopulmonary Bypass time, cross clamp time, total circulatory arrest time of (245 ± 33.30), (117.62 ± 29.38), (54.33 ± 13.19) min and (195.88 ± 32.83), (70.11 ± 20.62), (33.52 ± 8.683) (p=<.00001); respectively. 30 day mortality was 5(9.83%) in trifurcated group and 3 (8.33%) in island group (p=0.815).

Conclusion

Trifurcated branched graft and island technique, have comparable results, only prerequisite being surgeons comfortability and experience. Trifurcated branch graft being associated with longer CPB, cross clamp and circulatory arrest time, but with no difference in overall adverse outcomes or mortality. 

Keywords

Total arch replacement, Type A dissection, Trifurcated branch graft, Island technique

Total arch replacement articles; Type A dissection articles; Trifurcated branch graft articles; Island technique articles

Total arch replacement articles Total arch replacement Research articles Total arch replacement review articles Total arch replacement PubMed articles Total arch replacement PubMed Central articles Total arch replacement 2023 articles Total arch replacement 2024 articles Total arch replacement Scopus articles Total arch replacement impact factor journals Total arch replacement Scopus journals Total arch replacement PubMed journals Total arch replacement medical journals Total arch replacement free journals Total arch replacement best journals Total arch replacement top journals Total arch replacement free medical journals Total arch replacement famous journals Total arch replacement Google Scholar indexed journals Type A dissection articles Type A dissection Research articles Type A dissection review articles Type A dissection PubMed articles Type A dissection PubMed Central articles Type A dissection 2023 articles Type A dissection 2024 articles Type A dissection Scopus articles Type A dissection impact factor journals Type A dissection Scopus journals Type A dissection PubMed journals Type A dissection medical journals Type A dissection free journals Type A dissection best journals Type A dissection top journals Type A dissection free medical journals Type A dissection famous journals Type A dissection Google Scholar indexed journals Trifurcated branch graft articles Trifurcated branch graft Research articles Trifurcated branch graft review articles Trifurcated branch graft PubMed articles Trifurcated branch graft PubMed Central articles Trifurcated branch graft 2023 articles Trifurcated branch graft 2024 articles Trifurcated branch graft Scopus articles Trifurcated branch graft impact factor journals Trifurcated branch graft Scopus journals Trifurcated branch graft PubMed journals Trifurcated branch graft medical journals Trifurcated branch graft free journals Trifurcated branch graft best journals Trifurcated branch graft top journals Trifurcated branch graft free medical journals Trifurcated branch graft famous journals Trifurcated branch graft Google Scholar indexed journals Island technique articles Island technique Research articles Island technique review articles Island technique PubMed articles Island technique PubMed Central articles Island technique 2023 articles Island technique 2024 articles Island technique Scopus articles Island technique impact factor journals Island technique Scopus journals Island technique PubMed journals Island technique medical journals Island technique free journals Island technique best journals Island technique top journals Island technique free medical journals Island technique famous journals Island technique Google Scholar indexed journals high mortality articles high mortality Research articles high mortality review articles high mortality PubMed articles high mortality PubMed Central articles high mortality 2023 articles high mortality 2024 articles high mortality Scopus articles high mortality impact factor journals high mortality Scopus journals high mortality PubMed journals high mortality medical journals high mortality free journals high mortality best journals high mortality top journals high mortality free medical journals high mortality famous journals high mortality Google Scholar indexed journals lethal surgery articles lethal surgery Research articles lethal surgery review articles lethal surgery PubMed articles lethal surgery PubMed Central articles lethal surgery 2023 articles lethal surgery 2024 articles lethal surgery Scopus articles lethal surgery impact factor journals lethal surgery Scopus journals lethal surgery PubMed journals lethal surgery medical journals lethal surgery free journals lethal surgery best journals lethal surgery top journals lethal surgery free medical journals lethal surgery famous journals lethal surgery Google Scholar indexed journals Distal anastomosis articles Distal anastomosis Research articles Distal anastomosis review articles Distal anastomosis PubMed articles Distal anastomosis PubMed Central articles Distal anastomosis 2023 articles Distal anastomosis 2024 articles Distal anastomosis Scopus articles Distal anastomosis impact factor journals Distal anastomosis Scopus journals Distal anastomosis PubMed journals Distal anastomosis medical journals Distal anastomosis free journals Distal anastomosis best journals Distal anastomosis top journals Distal anastomosis free medical journals Distal anastomosis famous journals Distal anastomosis Google Scholar indexed journals Proximal anastomosis articles Proximal anastomosis Research articles Proximal anastomosis review articles Proximal anastomosis PubMed articles Proximal anastomosis PubMed Central articles Proximal anastomosis 2023 articles Proximal anastomosis 2024 articles Proximal anastomosis Scopus articles Proximal anastomosis impact factor journals Proximal anastomosis Scopus journals Proximal anastomosis PubMed journals Proximal anastomosis medical journals Proximal anastomosis free journals Proximal anastomosis best journals Proximal anastomosis top journals Proximal anastomosis free medical journals Proximal anastomosis famous journals Proximal anastomosis Google Scholar indexed journals

Article Details

1. Introduction

Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery is one the most challenging and lethal surgery in the cardiovascular domain, it has a very high morbidity and high mortality [1]. There are many surgeries described in the literature. Although there is no single optimal technique for type A aortic dissection, mostly commonly done surgical procedures done for total arch replacement are trifurcated branch graft technique and island (en bloc) technique [2,3]. These surgeries no doubt demand a certain higher level of experience and expertise from the cardiac surgeons. There are very few articles in literature comparing the perioperative and early outcomes. Here, we retrospectively study the peri- operative and early outcomes of two surgical techniques done in a single centre. We aim to show the comparative peri-operative outcomes and differences in operative mortality between two groups.

2. Materials and methods

The present study was conducted in a single centre, “The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University” China. This retrospective study was approved by our local ethics committee, and individual patient consent was taken.

2.1 Patient selection

In this study, we took a total of 87 patients who underwent surgery for Type A  Aortic Dissection from September 2017 to September 2020. Out of which Group A, n=51 patients were surgically corrected by Trifurcated branch graft technique, with mean age 47.45 ± 10.47 years, {39 (76.47%) males and 12 (23.52%) females} and Group B, n=36 patients with island (en bloc) technique mean age 52.75 ± 10.32 years {27 (75%) males and 9 (25%) females}. Moderate to Severe hypothermic circulatory arrest with temperature drift between 25-32°C with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) through axillary artery in 51 (58.62%) patients and direct brachiocephalic cannulation in 38 (43.62%) patients was used. Other concomitant procedures were done as needed. 2 (3.92%) patients in group A, had undergone previous cardiac surgery. 5 (9.80%) and 3 (8.33%) patients had Marfan syndrome in group A and group B respectively. Elective surgery was done in 22 (25.28%) patients {16 (31.37%) in group A and 6 (16.66%) in group B} while emergency surgery was done in 65 (74.71%) patients {35 (68.62%) in group A and 30 (83.33%) in group B}. Primary intimal tear was found in ascending aorta in 79 (90.80%) patients {45 (88.32%) and 34 (94.44%) in group A and B respectively, (p=0.323, ns)}. Innominate artery and carotid artery involvement was seen in 8 (9.19%) patients {5 (9.80%) and 3 (8.33%) in group A and B respectively}. Descending aorta was stented i.e frozen elephant trunk, in 85 (97.70%) patients. Preoperative variables are given in table 1 below.

Variable

Total Both Cohort (n=87)

Trifurcated Branched Graft group (n = 51)

Island (En bloc) group

(n = 36)

p Value

Age (year)

49.64 ± 10.67

47.45 ± 10.47

52.75 ± 10.32

0.01

Male

66(75.86%)

39(76.47%)

27(75%)

0.874

Female

21(24.13%)

12(23.52%)

9(25%)

0.874

Height (cm)

172.9 ± 5.6

173.82 ± 4.53

70.14 ± 7.16

0.032

Weight (kg)

70.86 ± 8

71.37 ± 8.6

70.14 ± 7.16

0.241

BMI (kg/m2)

23.67 ± 1.91

23.61 ± 2.3

23.76 ± 1.18

0.357

BSA (m2)

1.84 ± 0.13

1.85 ± 0.13

1.82 ± 0.13

0.17

LVEF (%)

54.9 ± 5.74

55.6 ± 5.8

52.36 ± 5.89

0.082

Associated Comorbidities

       

Hypertension

38(43.67%)

23(45.09%)

15(41.66%)

0.75

Diabetes Mellitus

4(4.59%)

3(5.88%)

1(2.77%)

0.495

Coronary artery disease

5(5.74%)

4(7.84%)

1(2.77%)

0.317

Renal Dysfunction

2(2.29%)

2(3.92%)

0

0.509

Neurological Deficit

3(3.44)

3(5.88%)

0

0.263

Previous Cardiac Surgery

2(2.29%)

2(3.92%)

0

0.509

Marfan Syndrome

8(9.19%)

5(9.80%)

3(8.33%)

0.815

COPD

5(5.74%)

2(3.92%)

3(8.33%)

0.383

Timing of Surgery

       

Elective

22(25.28%)

16(31.37%)

6(16.66%)

0.12

Emergency

65(74.71%)

35(68.62%)

30(83.33%)

0.12

Primary Tear

       

Ascending Aorta

79(90.80%)

45(88.32%)

34(94.44%)

0.323

Arch of Aorta

8(9.19%)

6(11.76%)

2(5.55%)

0.323

Arch involvement

85(97.70%)

49(96.07%)

36(100%)

0.509

Innominate/Carotid involvement

8(9.19%)

5(9.80%)

3(8.33%)

0.815

Table 1: Pre-operative data and variables

2.2 Surgical technique

A routine standard median sternotomy approach was done for all the cases in this study. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established after heparinization, using axillary cannulation in 48 (94.11%) patients in group A and 3 (8.33%)patients in group B, innominate artery cannulation for 5 (9.83%) patients in group A and 33 (91.66%) patients in group B, femoral artery cannulation and right atrium cannulation was done in all the cases. Left ventricle was vented through the left superior pulmonary vein in all the cases. Direct Antegrade cardioplegia through coronary ostia was given in all the cases for both the groups. We used Del Nido cardioplegia for all patients for myocardial protection. Retrograde cardioplegia in addition to antegrade cardioplegia was used in 2 cases in Group A patients. All the patients were operated under moderate to severe hypothermic circulatory arrest with temperature drift between 22°C to 32°C.

2.3 Trifurcated Branch Graft technique

A four branched prefabricated aortic graft was used, with three branches for the supra aortic vessel anastomosis and one for arterial perfusion. The exact length and orientation for distal anastomosis depended on the surgeon's experience and varied from patient to patient. After arresting the heart, the trifurcated graft was cutted and trimmed according to respective patients' aorta size and 3 vessel orientation. Ascending aorta and all three supra aortic vessels were disconnected and clamped. Direct visual insertion of frozen elephant trunk (stent) for distal arch descending aorta was done in all the patients. Distal anastomosis of the trifurcated branched graft with the stented mount was done under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective antegrade perfusion to the brain through the axillary artery with 10 ml/kg.min. Innominate artery anastomosis to one of the branches of the graft was done. After deairing, Innominate artery clamp was released and anterograde circulation was initiated through the fourth arm of the branched graft. Consequently, left common carotid and left subclavian anastomosis was done and respective clamps were released after deairing. Repeat cardioplegia was given as required. Proximal anastomosis of the graft to native aorta was done. Coronary buttons were reimplanted. Concomitant procedures were done as required for respective patients. Deairing and rewarming was done and  CPB was discontinued. Ligation and resection of the fourth branch of the graft was done. Hemostasis and routine closure was done in all patients.

2.4 Island (en bloc) technique

Distal aorta is clamped and heart arrested by direct antegrade coronary cardioplegia. An ascending aorta composite graft is used, which is inverted and pushed into the left ventricle. Retrograde perfusion is continued through the femoral artery. Proximal aortic root anastomosis to native aorta with the inverted graft is done. The graft is everted out and coronary button anastomosis is done. Cardioplegia is given again through the graft to check the leak and patency of coronaries. The proximal graft is clamped. Distal native aorta clamp is released and is dissected in such a way that supra aortic vessels are intact on the native aorta and in continuous with the native descending aorta. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion was given through the innominate artery in 33 cases and through the axillary artery in 3 cases. Selective Direct visual insertion of frozen elephant trunk (stent) in the descending aorta was done for all the patients. The distal part of the graft was bevelled and anastomosed to the island of the three supra aortic vessels intact and anastomosis is completed with the proximal part of  the stented mount. Deairing and rewarming was done and a proximal aortic clamp was released. Concomitant procedures were done as required for the respective patients. CPB discontinued. Hemostasis and routine closure was done.

2.5 Statistical analysis

All the continuous variables in the data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD) and Student t test was used for comparing normally distributed data. For categorical data, comparison was done by χ2 test and Fisher exact test according to scale and distribution level. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Follow up

All patients had complete follow up at 3 months and 6 months with CT scan available in 100% of patients.

3. Results

3.1 Operative data

Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion was prefered by axillary artery in total 54 (62.06%) cases {51 (100%) in group A and 3 (8.33%) in group B due to the innominate artery extension, p=< 0.00001} and by innominate artery in total 33 (37.93 %) cases {33 (91.66%) in group B and none in group A, p=< 0.00001}. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, cross clamp time and circulatory arrest time was significantly longer in group A than group B {245 ± 33.30 and 195.88 ± 32.83, (p=< 0.00001)}, {117.62 ± 29.38 and 70.11 ± 20.62, (p=< 0.00001)}, {54.33 ± 13.19 and 33.52 ± 8.683, (p=< 0.00001)}. Additional procedures done along with repair of the aortic arch, transfusion of packed Red blood cells, FFP and Platelets was not much different in both the cohort. Extracorporeal Support was given in the form of IABP for 3 (3.44%) patients {2 (3.92%) in group A and 1 (2.77%) in group B, (p=0.773)} and in form of ECMO for 6 (6.89%) patients {3 (5.88%) in groupA and 3 (8.33%) in group B, (p=0.656)} (Table 2).

Variable

Total Both Cohort (n = 87)

Trifurcated Branched Graft group (n = 51)

Island (En bloc) group (n = 36)

p Value

Cannulation

       

Axillary Artery

54(62.06%)

51(100%)

3(8.33%)

< 0.00001

Femoral Artery

87(100%)

51(100%)

36(100%)

N.A

Innominate Artery

33(37.93 %)

0

33(91.66%)

< 0.00001

Operative Time (min)

       

CPB

224.67 ± 40.93

245 ± 33.30

195.88 ± 32.83

< .00001

Cross clamp

97.96  ± 35.05

117.62 ± 29.38

70.11 ± 20.62

< .00001

Total Circulatory arrest

45.72  ± 15.43

54.33 ± 13.19

33.52 ± 8.683

< .00001

Cardioplegia route

       

Antegrade

87(100%)

51(100%)

36(100%)

N.A

Retrograde

2 (2.29%)

2(3.92%)

0

0.509

Type of Cardioplegia

       

St Thomas

0

0

0

N.A

Del nido

87(100%)

51(100%)

36(100%)

N.A

Degree of Hypothermia

25-32°C

25-32°C

25-32°C

N.A

Additional Procedure

       

Bentall

31(35.63%)

22(43.13%)

9(25%)

0.081

Valve Sparing Root Surgery

17(19.54%)

11(21.56%)

6(16.66%)

0.57

Aortic Valve Repair

0

0

0

 

CABG

5(5.74%)

4(7.84%)

1(2.77%)

0.317

Descending Aorta Stenting

85(97.70%)

49(96.07%)

36(100%)

0.509

Transfusion

       

Packed RBC (unit)

5.4 ± 1.37

5.52 ± 1.36

5.22 ± 1.39

0.153

FFP (unit)

5.28 ± 1.22

5.43 ± 1.22

5.08 ± 1.22

0.097

Platelets (unit)

0.93 ± 0.66

0.94 ± 0.78

0.91 ± 0.43

0.432

Extracorporeal Support

       

IABP

3(3.44%)

2(3.92%)

1(2.77%)

0.773

ECMO

6(6.89%)

3(5.88%)

3(8.33%)

0.656

Table 2: Operative data and variables

3.2 Early outcomes, operative mortality and morbidity 

Ventilation time and length of ICU stay was not much significant in both the groups {35.82 ± 24.77 vs 37.88 ± 28.14, (p=0.359) and {3.23 ± 1.43 vs 2.86 ± 1.24 (p=0.105)}. Overall, hospital stay was little prolonged in group A compared to group B {10.8 ± 6.37 vs 7.77 ± 1.26 (p=0.003)}, we assume this prolongation may be due to 2 (3.92%) patients in group A who needed reexploration. Reexploration for bleeding was needed for 2 (3.92%) patients in group A, which may be the reason for little prolonged stay in the overall cohort of group A. Cardiogenic shock was observed in 5 (9.80%) vs 4 (11.11%) patients in group A and group B respectively. Both the respective cohort A and B had 2 (3.92%) vs  2 (5.55%) patients with stroke and 3 (5.88%) vs 3 (8.33%) patients with respiratory failure. 4 (7.84%) vs 3 (8.33%) patients were identified with renal failure and were on hemodialysis or hemofiltration. In both the cohorts, none of the patients  had sepsis or visceral and limb ischemia. Overall operative mortality was 8 (9.19%) for both the cohort {5 (9.83%) for group A and 3 (8.33%) for group B}. 3 (5.88%) in group A and 2 (5.55%) in group B died of multi organ dysfunction syndrome (Table 3). 2 out of 5 patients in group A and 1 out of 4 patients in group B died, who were in cardiogenic shock, while the rest were able to manage to bring out of cardiogenic shock with help of extracorporeal support.

Variable

Total Both Cohort (n = 87)

Trifurcated Branched Graft group (n = 51)

Island (En bloc) group (n = 36)

p Value

Ventilation time (hrs.)

36.67 ± 26.08

35.82 ± 24.77

37.88 ± 28.14

0.359

ICU stay (days)

3.08 ± 1.36

3.23 ± 1.43

2.86 ± 1.24

0.105

Hospital stay (days)

9.55 ± 5.15

10.8 ± 6.37

7.77 ± 1.26

0.003

Re-Exploration

2 (2.29%)

2(3.92%)

0

0.509

Sepsis

0

0

0

N.A

Cardiogenic Shock

9 (10.34%)

5(9.80%)

4(11.11%)

0.843

MODS

5 (5.74%)

3(5.88%)

2(5.55%)

0.948

Low Cardiac Output

11 (12.64%)

6(11.76%)

5(13.88%)

0.769

Stroke/TIA

4 (4.59%)

2(3.92%)

2(5.55%)

0.72

Respiratory failure

6 (6.89%)

3(5.88%)

3(8.33%)

0.656

Renal Failure

7 (8.04%)

4(7.84%)

3(8.33%)

0.934

Hemodialysis/Hemofiltration

7 (8.04%)

4(7.84%)

3(8.33%)

0.934

Arrhythmia

3 (3.44%)

1(1.96%)

2(5.55%)

0.365

Visceral Ischemia

0

0

0

N.A

Limb Ischemia

0

0

0

N.A

Operative Mortality

8 (9.19%)

5(9.83%)

3(8.33%)

0.815

Table 3: Post-operative data and variables

4. Discussion

Aorta and aortic arch surgeries remain one of the most difficult surgeries which demand  a high level of experience and expertise. The optimal approach for arch reconstruction is still debatable and largely depends on the volume of the centre and the surgeon's experience and comfort. Operative mortality for aortic arch surgery still is very high around 9% to 34% [4,6]. Intimal resection, obliteration of false lumen and replacement of aorta remains the mainstay of surgical treatment [7-11]. While, brain and other organ protection including myocardium and postoperative renal failure plays a vital role in prognosis of the patient. Various surgical approaches have been described in the literature from classical Elephant trunk technique to hybrid procedures and also total endovascular stenting [12-15]. Two most commonly performed surgeries now are total arch replacement with trifurcated branch graft and island (en bloc) technique [16]. Several methods have been developed to protect the brain like hypothermia, perfusion with cold blood, perfusion of the brain by retrograde manner and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP), these methodologies have reduced operative mortality and have enhanced good brain protection. Comparing Trifurcated branch graft technique with island (en bloc) technique for acute type A aortic dissection, each has several advantages and disadvantages. Trifurcated Branch Graft technique has several merits over en bloc technique as each supra aortic vessels is anastomosed separately to the respective native vessel, lower body perfusion is established by the fourth arm of the graft which reduces the malperfusion to visceral organs and spinal cord by lowering ischemic time, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in combination with this technique protects the brain and reduces stroke and any CNS events remarkably. While the disadvantage of trifurcated branch graft technique is that it needs five anastomosis comparing to island technique which requires only two, so each supra aortic vessels has to be grafted and anastomosed individually and at most of the instance the left subclavian artery is very deep to dissect and anastomosed it to the graft. The most common complication of any surgery is bleeding, and surgery for aortic dissection demands a high level of skill for anastomosis and hemostasis. Aortic arch surgery has a special challenge,  to protect the brain and at the same time anastomosis has to be completed and circulation has to be restarted in a minimum time frame. This special circumstance makes island technique a bit challenging. Although it needs only two anastomoses, i.e the proximal anastomosis to the native aorta and distal anastomosis with the proximal part of the stented graft in descending aorta together with the complete island of the supra aortic vessel. It has to be completed before the lower body, myocardium and brain blood flow has to be restarted. The most catastrophic part of this anastomosis is to control bleeding from the anastomosis, especially if there is bleeding after initiating cardiopulmonary bypass from the dorsal aspect of the island of distal anastomosis, where hemostasis is comparatively easier in trifurcated graft technique. Although Island technique does have merit of only one anastomosis over all three supra aortic vessels, which can be achieved with experience and expertise.

5. Conclusions

Surgery for Type A aortic arch replacement is very complex and with high mortality. Two techniques, trifurcated branch graft and island technique did not show any significant difference in overall outcomes and post-operative or 30 day mortality. Island technique was associated with shorter CPB, cross clamp and total circulatory arrest time with respect to trifurcated branch graft technique. Trifurcated branched graft and island technique, both can be used to replace the aortic arch with comparable results, the only prerequisite being surgeons comfortability and experience.

Declaration

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This Retrospective Study was approved by our local ethics committee, and individual patient consent was taken.

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Competing interests

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Funding

Not applicable

Authors' contributions

Authors Kamran Yunus Inamdar and Xu Hua Shan wrote the manuscript text and did statistical calculation. Author Wen Bing, Zhao Guochang, Singh Chhatrapratap, and Zhao Wen Zeng helped in collection of data and prepared tables. All authors have reviewed the manuscript.

Acknowledgements

I express my heartfelt thanks to my respected consultants in the department of Cardiovascular Surgery Prof.Zhao Wen Zeng; Dr.Xu Hua shan; Dr.Wen Bing for their support, help and guidance. I am extremely grateful to my dear wife Dr. Sania Inamdar who has always inspired me and encouraged me.

References

  1. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, et al. The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) - New insights into an old disease. JAMA 283 (2000): 897-903.
  2. Di Eusanio M, Schepens MA, Morshuis WJ, et al. Separate grafts or en bloc anastomosis for arch vessels reimplantation to the aortic arch. Ann Thorac Surg 77 (2004): 2021e2028.
  3. Shrestha M, Martens A, Behrendt S, et al. Is the branched graft technique better than the en bloc technique for total aortic arch replacement? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 45 (2014): 181e186.
  4. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, et al. The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA 283 (2000): 897-903.
  5. Trimarchi S, Nienaber CA, Rampoldi V, et al. Contemporary results of surgery in acute type A aortic dissection: the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 129 (2005): 112-122.
  6. Rylski B, Suedkamp M, Beyersdorf F, et al. Outcome after surgery for acute aortic dissection type A in patients over 70 years: data analysis from the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 40 (2011): 435-440.
  7. Immer FF, Hagen U, Berdat PA, et al. Risk factors for secondary dilatation of the aorta after acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 27 (2005): 654-657.
  8. Song SW, Chang BC, Cho BK, et al. Effects of partial thrombosis on distal aorta after repair of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 139 (2010): 841-871.
  9. Yeh CH, Chen MC, Wu YC, et al. Risk factors for descending aortic aneurysm formation in medium term follow-up of patients with type A aortic dissection. Chest 124 (2003): 989-995.
  10. Halstead JC, Meier M, Etz C, et al. The fate of the distal aorta after repair of acute type A aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133 (2007): 127-135.
  11. Fattori R, Bacchi-Reggiani L, Bertaccini P, et al. Evolution of aortic dissection after surgical repair. Am J Cardiol 86 (2000): 868-872.
  12. Dake MD, Miller DC, Mitchell RS, et al. The ‘first generation’ of endovascular stent-grafts for patients with aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116 (1998): 689-703.
  13. Usui A, Ueda Y, Watanabe T, et al. Clinical results of implantation of an endovascular covered stent-graft via midsternotomy for distal aortic arch aneurysm. Cardiovasc Surg 8 (2008): 545-549.
  14. Karck M, Chavan A, Hagl C, et al. The frozen elephant trunk technique: a new treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 125 (2003): 1550-1553.
  15. Spielvogel D, Strauch JT, Minanov OP, et al. Aortic arch replacement using a trifurcated graft and selective cerebral antegrade perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 74 (2002): S1810-S1814.
  16. Schoenhoff FS, Tian DH, Misfeld M, et al. Impact of reimplantation technique of supra-aortic branches in total arch replacement on stroke rate and survival: results from the ARCH registry. Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg (2018).

Journal Statistics

Impact Factor: * 4.2

CiteScore: 2.9

Acceptance Rate: 11.01%

Time to first decision: 10.4 days

Time from article received to acceptance: 2-3 weeks

Discover More: Recent Articles

Grant Support Articles

© 2016-2024, Copyrights Fortune Journals. All Rights Reserved!