Determinants of the use of Digital One Health Amongst Medical and Veterinary Students at the University of Buea, Cameroon

Author(s): Dickson Shey Nsagha

Background: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the healthcare systems has gained global attention, offering enhancements in diagnostics, treatment planning and improving the efficiency of healthcare providers. Community Health Workers (CHWs), who serve as important links between healthcare systems and communities, play an important role in implementing health interventions. This study explored the perceptions, facilitators and barriers regarding the adoption of AI in healthcare services in the Limbe and Bonassama Health Districts.

Methods: A qualitative study carried out in Limbe and Bonassama Health Districts among CHWs. Ethical clearance was obtained, and a purposive sampling technique was used to recruit a total of 18 CHWs. Two focused group discussions were conducted, one in Limbe Health District and one in Bonassama Health District. Data from focused group discussions were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using Dedoose software.

Results: A total of 18 CHWs took part in this study, 8 males and 10 females, the age ranged from 26 to 63 years. CHWs expressed mixed perceptions and concerns, while some viewed AI positively, others expressed skepticism. Positive perceptions included; AI could reduce cost, save time, suggest dietary plan for patients with specific medical conditions, and help doctors in decision making. However, there were negative perceptions; AI could bring unemployment, laziness, and may result in errors. The barriers to AI adoption in healthcare were; lack of access to internet, cost of internet and technology, lack of knowledge, and resistance to learning AI technology. Facilitators identified were; educational campaigns and training programs.

Conclusion: CHWs expressed both positive (reduce cost, save time, improved decision making) and negative (job displacement, laziness) perceptions regarding the adoption of AI in healthcare. This study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions and community-based involvement to foster trust and collaboration in the adoption of AI for healthcare, ensuring that the benefits are widely accessible.